Final answer:
Hunger persists despite increased food production due to issues in food distribution and failure of government macroeconomic policies, as outlined by economist Amartya Sen.
Step-by-step explanation:
Although advances in food production technology have greatly increased food surpluses, hunger has not been eliminated because food distribution problems persist. The issue of hunger can be attributed to a failure in government macroeconomic policies, which include maintaining stable inflation, ensuring full employment, prioritizing the education of women, and upholding property rights. While technological advances in agriculture allow for increased food production, it is the effective distribution, influenced by economic and social factors, that ultimately determines food security.
Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen emphasizes that food insecurity is often a result of poor macroeconomic policy management rather than scarcity. Investments in agricultural productivity are necessary but not sufficient, as securing food security depends on factors like availability, access, and utilization, which are closely tied to wider economic conditions and poverty reduction efforts.