Final answer:
To convict someone who has been impeached, a two-thirds majority in the Senate is required. Upon conviction, the only penalties that can be imposed are removal from office and disqualification from holding future federal offices per Article I, Section 3, Clause 7 of the U.S. Constitution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The required vote to convict someone who has been impeached is a two-thirds majority in the Senate. Once the House of Representatives votes to impeach an official, the Senate conducts a trial. If convicted by a two-thirds vote, the individual is removed from office. In addition to removal, the Senate can vote to disqualify the individual from holding future federal offices.
Under Article I, Section 3, Clause 7 of the U.S. Constitution, the only penalty that can be imposed on someone who has been impeached and convicted is removal from office and potential disqualification from holding any future federal office. This means that the person cannot be fined or imprisoned by the impeachment process itself, although they may still face legal consequences for their actions outside of the impeachment proceedings.