Question

Describe two of the broad categories of mutations that can occur.
Are mutations always harmful?

Answer 1

Germline mutations occur in gametes and can be passed on to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in body cells and are not inherited. Mutations can be both harmful and beneficial, with harmful mutations causing genetic disorders or cancer, and beneficial mutations driving evolution.

Step-by-step explanation:

Two major categories of mutations are germline mutations and somatic mutations. Germline mutations occur in gametes, such as eggs and sperm, and can be transmitted to offspring. Somatic mutations occur in the body cells and are not passed on to offspring.

Mutations are not always harmful. While the majority of mutations are deleterious and can cause genetic disorders or cancer, there are also beneficial mutations. Beneficial mutations are the driving force of evolution, as they can increase an organism's survival and reproductive success.