Final answer:
Archbishop Ussher calculated the age of the Earth based on the Bible using genealogical records, estimating it to be 4004 BC. However, his calculation is not scientifically accurate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Archbishop Ussher was a historian who calculated the age of the Earth based on the Bible. His calculation, known as Ussher's chronology, estimated that the Earth was created in 4004 BC. He used genealogical records from the Bible, such as the ages of biblical figures, to trace back to the date of creation. However, it's important to note that Ussher's chronology is not scientifically accurate and is based on religious beliefs rather than empirical evidence.