Final answer:
UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (220-290 nm) are the ranges for different types of UV radiation, with UVC being fully absorbed by the ozone layer, and most UVB being absorbed both by ozone and ocular structures before reaching the retina. UVA is the most common type of UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface and penetrating the skin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is divided into three primary types based on wavelength: UVA, UVB, and UVC. The UVA range is 320-400 nm and it passes through the ozone layer, reaching the Earth's surface. Nearly 95-99% of the UV radiation that comes into contact with humans is UVA, known for its ability to penetrate deep into the skin and may indirectly damage DNA, contributing to skin cancers. UVB radiation spans from 290-320 nm, but most of it is absorbed by the ozone layer, thus only a small fraction reaches us. UVB is the primary cause of sunburn and has strong links to malignant melanoma and other skin cancers. UVC radiation has the shortest wavelengths, 220-290 nm, and is the most harmful; however, it's completely absorbed by the ozone layer and oxygen in the atmosphere, hence it does not reach the Earth's surface.
Within the eye, the ocular structures, such as the cornea and lens, absorb most UVB and UVC radiation, protecting the retina. Prolonged exposure to UVB has been associated with cataracts and other eye damages. It's crucial to protect the eyes with sunglasses that filter out UV radiation to prevent such complications.