Final answer:
Forensic scientists compare reference bullets by analyzing their characteristics such as size, shape, markings, and composition. They use a comparison microscope to identify similarities or differences and determine if the bullet in question was fired from a specific firearm. This process is known as bullet matching.
Step-by-step explanation:
Forensic scientists compare reference bullets by analyzing their characteristics such as size, shape, markings, and composition. They use tools such as a comparison microscope to closely examine the bullets side by side and identify any similarities or differences. The goal is to determine if the bullet in question was fired from a specific firearm by comparing it to previously fired reference bullets from that firearm. This process, known as bullet matching, can help forensic scientists link a bullet found at a crime scene to a specific gun.