Final answer:
Virginia Henderson developed "The Principles and Practice of Nursing," emphasizing patient independence and self-care. So, correct option is (a).
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse theorist Virginia Henderson developed the theory known as The Principles and Practice of Nursing. Henderson's model focuses on the patient's individual care and the importance of patient independence to the recovery process. The central theme of her theory is assisting individuals with those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge.
One problem with care theory is the argument by some philosophers that it is based on traditional women's values, aiming to create new virtues mostly related to female roles. This often leads to a debate about whether gender-free morality is possible. The works of Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings in ethics of care shed light on the integrity and morality of women, suggesting these feminine values shouldn't be undervalued in public realms where individuality and power are emphasized.
Understanding these cultural concepts of distress (CCD) and cultural systems model are essential in examining how care is provided within health care systems. In the context of nursing, Henderson's theory is valuable for its emphasis on the patient's needs and promoting self-care and autonomy, addressing specific aspects of ethnomedicine and epigenetics, ultimately contributing to holistic care.