Final answer:
The light that will be visible to a vessel overtaking another vessel is the stern light.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is C) only the stern light of the vessel.
When a vessel is overtaking another vessel, the international and inland regulations require the overtaken vessel to display a stern light, which is a white light visible from astern. This light helps the overtaking vessel determine the position and course of the vessel it is overtaking.
The sidelights and masthead lights are not visible to a vessel overtaking another vessel, as they are intended to indicate the vessel's own position and course to other vessels.
The question asks which light(s) would be visible to a vessel overtaking another vessel according to both international and inland navigation rules. When one vessel is overtaking another, the vessel being overtaken will only display its stern light to the approaching vessel.
Therefore, option C, which states that only the stern light of the vessel will be visible, is the correct answer. Masthead lights, sidelights, and any other lights are not relevant in this situation as they would not be visible from behind the vessel being overtaken.