Final answer:
Anthropologists use a blend of qualitative methods like participant observation and interviews, and quantitative methods such as surveys and census data analysis to analyze ethnographic data from fieldwork.
Step-by-step explanation:
The methods and techniques used by anthropologists to analyze ethnographic data collected during fieldwork are diverse and tailored to the specific objectives of the research. Ethnographic fieldwork typically uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods include participant observation, where researchers immerse themselves in the community and actively engage with the locals to gather nuanced, in-depth data about their culture and behaviors. This often involves taking detailed field notes and conducting informal interviews to understand the context behind observable phenomena. Meanwhile, quantitative approaches might involve surveys, social network analysis, or the use of census data to obtain statistical information that can be quantitatively analyzed.
Another key aspect of fieldwork is content analysis, which involves examining cultural artifacts, documents, or media to uncover patterns or themes. Comparative historical secondary data analysis is employed when examining existing data from different times or cultures to understand changes and continuities. Overall, theoretical approaches from medical anthropology to socio-cultural theory might shape which methods researchers use and how they interpret their findings. Prior to conducting fieldwork, researchers must adhere to practices required by institutional review boards to ensure ethical standards are maintained.