Final answer:
Cultural relativism seeks to understand cultural practices within their own contexts, avoiding ethnocentric judgments. It does not imply approval of harmful practices, but emphasizes a nuanced analysis. Anthropologists may use an evolved form of cultural relativism to more effectively engage in cross-cultural understanding and activism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The topic of cultural relativism raises significant discussions, particularly around the concept of moral absolutes and the ability (or obligation) to judge cultural practices. While cultural relativism advocates for understanding and contextualizing cultural practices within their own systems of meaning, it also grapples with the challenge of how to approach practices deemed harmful or oppressive, such as female genital mutilation (FGC). Critics of cultural relativism argue that it can lead to an amoral stance wherein all cultural practices are regarded as equally valid. However, proponents of cultural relativism emphasize that it provides a framework for understanding without the immediate imposition of external judgments, thereby respecting the complexity of cultural beliefs and practices. For anthropologists, engaging in cultural relativism means setting aside personal convictions, striving to gain a more nuanced understanding of the practices they study, and avoiding ethnocentric evaluations. This does not mean that all practices are accepted or condoned, but rather that they are contextualized within their cultural framework for the purpose of analysis. An example of this is the debate on FGC, where anthropologists study the cultural significance and the complex reasons behind such practices, without disregarding the consequences they have on individuals' health and rights. Ultimately, practicing genuine cultural relativism may lead to what is referred to as cultural relativism 2.0, which suggests a more balanced approach of listening and understanding before forming judgments. This approach is intended to be more effective in establishing cross-cultural communication and addressing practices that are harmful, while still respecting cultural differences.