Final answer:
The nutrition transition refers to the shift from traditional, often local diets to one that includes a higher consumption of processed foods and sugars, which aligns with option D. The Neolithic Revolution was an earlier shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture, leading to the domestication of plants and animals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'nutrition transition' refers to the shift from traditional diets often based on local foods and agricultural practices to diets with a high proportion of processed foods, fats, sugars, and animal-source foods. This phenomenon is frequently observed in societies that undergo industrialization, economic development, and rapid urbanization. It is characterized by a departure from pattern 'D', which is heavily based on localized and unprocessed foods, to pattern 'C', which includes high consumption of energy-dense, highly processed foods. However, based on the options provided in the question, the closest definition that aligns with the 'nutrition transition' in a historical context would be option D: the shift from eating local foods to high-processed foods. The Neolithic Revolution, on the other hand, pertains to the profound changes that occurred when humans moved from hunting and gathering to a life centered around agriculture. This transition allowed for the domestication of plants and animals, leading to the establishment of settled communities and the eventual rise of civilization. It marked a period of significant social and ecological transformation, including changes in food production and human diets.