Final answer:
A "band" is a form of social organization in gatherer-hunter societies with usually 20 to 50 members; they are egalitarian, mobile, and lack formal political structures. Decisions are made by consensus, and they practice balanced reciprocity.
Step-by-step explanation:
A "band" is a form of social organization typically found within forager or gatherer-hunter societies. Such groups are relatively small, usually comprising around 20 to 50 people, which is ideal for their nomadic or semi-nomadic lifestyle. As a highly mobile group, bands move in seasonal cycles over large territories, converging with other groups at staple resources like water sources or areas with abundant vegetation. One of the key characteristics of a band society is its egalitarian structure, where equality, cooperation, and sharing are highly emphasized. Decisions are typically made through discussion and consensus rather than through formal hierarchical structures. People with special knowledge or experience may have influence in specific matters, but there are no formal leadership positions. Bands are closely knit groups where social interactions are among individuals who know each other well, emphasizing responsibilities and social norms. Band societies practice balanced reciprocity, creating social relationships through the exchange of gifts of approximately equal value. They have no political structure as such and are considered stateless societies. Nonetheless, their social organization is complex, with social networks extending through cross-band friendships, marriages, and consensus-driven decision-making.