Final answer:
The main aim of Rule Utilitarianism is to follow universally applicable rules that maximize happiness for the greatest number. These rules are developed and tested by the greatest happiness principle, and Rule Utilitarians believe that consistent application of these rules will lead to the greatest good overall.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main aim of Rule Utilitarianism is to determine the moral correctness of an action based on a set of rules that aim to maximize happiness or utility. The underlying idea is that one should follow the rule that, if universally adhered to, would result in the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. This contrasts with the alternative approach, Act Utilitarianism, which suggests that the moral rightness of an action should be judged on a case-by-case basis, focusing on the action that provides the greatest happiness in each specific situation.
Rule Utilitarianism suggests developing a list of best practice moral rules derived by applying the greatest happiness principle to potential rules. If a rule is shown generally to maximize net happiness when followed, then it becomes part of the moral code that Rule Utilitarians advocate. Proponents argue that by faithfully adhering to these rules, society maximizes net happiness, thereby achieving the greatest good.
A key aspect of Rule Utilitarianism is the recognition that individual actions must be evaluated in relation to the established rules which have been tested by the greatest happiness principle. The understanding is that a consistent application of these rules will lead to overall greater happiness, unlike the Act Utilitarian approach, which might lead to different actions in similar situations due to individual circumstances at the moment.