Final answer:
The main differences in motivation between industrial and nonindustrial societies are based on the individual's control over their work and the impact of sociocultural factors like urbanization and social classes.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the differences in motivation between industrial and nonindustrial societies, it is essential to understand the sociocultural forces that shape each type of society. In nonindustrial societies, individuals have more control over their work conditions, including the timing and methods of their labor, largely because their economic activities such as subsistence agriculture or cottage industries are closely tied to environmental factors and personal needs. On the other hand, industrial societies, which emerged after the Industrial Revolution, brought regimented wage labor where workers have less autonomy over their working conditions due to the structured nature of factory work and the division of labor. Sociologist Gerhard Lenski's view on societies and technological advancement further illustrates the differences. In industrial societies, there is a marked urbanization trend, prompting movement from rural to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities as economies shift from agriculture-based to industry-based. Additionally, another defining feature of industrial societies is the rise of social classes based on occupation, challenging traditional family structures and creating new forms of social inequality and identity.