Final answer:
The most poisonous biological substance known to humans is botulinum toxin, extremely lethal even in tiny amounts and can cause botulism, leading to paralysis and potential respiratory failure. Interestingly, it also has medical applications, such as treating various muscle conditions and is used cosmetically.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most poisonous biological substance known to humans is botulinum toxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This toxin is incredibly potent and can cause botulism, a severe and potentially fatal illness. Here are three interesting facts about botulinum toxin:
- Botulinum toxin has a therapeutic use despite its toxicity. It is used in small, controlled doses to treat conditions like muscle spasms, excessive sweating, migraines, and cosmetic improvements by paralyzing muscles temporarily.
- The potency of botulinum toxin is such that a minuscule amount can be deadly. A single gram of crystalline toxin, evenly dispersed and inhaled, could potentially kill more than one million people.
- The toxin works by blocking nerve impulses to muscles, causing paralysis. In the context of botulism, this can result in respiratory failure as the muscles required for breathing are immobilized.