Final answer:
Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey are known for their studies on primates, with Goodall focusing on chimpanzees and their tool-making abilities, and Fossey studying mountain gorillas and conservation. Their research differed in species studied and the environments in which they worked, which influence primate behavior and social dynamics.
Step-by-step explanation:
British primatologist Jane Goodall and American zoologist Dian Fossey are renowned for their pioneering studies on primates. Goodall is famous for her work with chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, where she conducted naturalistic observations and discovered that chimpanzees also make tools. For example, she observed chimpanzees using twigs to fish for termites. On the other hand, Dian Fossey is known for her extensive study of mountain gorillas. She focused her work in the forests of Rwanda, and her aggressive conservation efforts greatly contributed to the preservation of these primates.
Concerning their research, one key difference involves the species studied: Goodall focused on chimpanzees, a species living in the rainforest and showing complex tool use, whereas Fossey's research was centered around mountain gorillas, which are not known to use tools in the wild.
Additionally, the environments where they conducted their research differ significantly. Goodall's chimpanzees lived in the rainforests of Tanzania, which differ in climate and ecosystem compared to the Rwandan mountain forests where Fossey's gorillas were found. These differences in habitat can lead to variations in behavior and social dynamics within primate species, as seen with the chimpanzees of Gombe and those from the savanna at Fongoli in Senegal.