Final answer:
Proteins, specifically histones, help in the condensation of chromosomes. DNA wraps around a set of histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are further coiled to create a 30-nm chromatin fiber. Proteins also play a role in the compaction of chromosomes during cell division.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chromosomes are condensed forms of chromatin, which is a combination of DNA and proteins. Proteins, specifically histones, help in the condensation of chromosomes. DNA wraps around a set of histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which are like beads on a string. These nucleosomes and the linker DNA between them are further coiled to create a 30-nm chromatin fiber, which shortens the chromosome. Proteins also play a role in the compaction of chromosomes during cell division.