Final answer:
The statement that direct food production occurs in gathering, hunting, and fishing is true. These practices are central to the survival strategies of ancient gatherer-hunter societies, where they directly relied on their environment to obtain food. There was also a division of labor based on gender, which influenced how these societies operated.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that there is direct food production in gathering, hunting, and fishing is true. In the context of ancient subsistence strategies, gathering-hunting societies directly relied on the natural resources available in their environment. They practiced a mode of subsistence where food was obtained through gathering fruits, nuts, and roots, hunting wild animals, and fishing. These practices ensured their survival in various regions around the globe.
Gathering and hunting required skilled labor applied to the environment to yield food. Women played a significant role in these societies by gathering plant-based foods, which often provided the bulk of the calories for their communities. Men typically engaged in hunting, which was seen as a prestige activity. In regions with abundant plant life, gathering was more prominent, whereas in cooler climates with less vegetation, hunting grew in importance.
Gatherer-hunter societies also demonstrated a form of work division, typically along gender lines, which allowed them to efficiently exploit the resources around them. This sexual division of labor is a notable feature of such societies, with certain nuances depending on the environment and the resources available.