Final answer:
The term Homo sapiens means 'wise man', reflecting our species' large brain and advanced intellectual abilities. Homo sapiens emerged approximately 300,000 years ago and are the only surviving species within the genus Homo.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Meaning of Homo sapiens
The term Homo sapiens literally translates to ‘wise man’. It is derived from the Latin word Homo, meaning 'man', and sapiens, meaning 'wise' or 'discerning'. This scientific nomenclature was chosen to reflect the human species' notably large brain capacity and advanced intellectual abilities compared to other animals. Despite this name, the question of whether humans are truly 'wise' is subjective and can be debated.
Homo sapiens emerged about 300,000 years ago and demonstrated a remarkable ability to create sophisticated tools, master the use of fire, and adapt to various climates using animal skins for clothing and shelter. Within the genus Homo, there were multiple species, including Homo erectus and Homo sapiens sapiens, the latter referring to modern humans. Over time, all other species within the genus have gone extinct, leaving Homo sapiens as the sole survivor.
Our species being the only extant member of the genus Homo reinforces the unique evolutionary path that has led to modern humans. With advancements in tool-making, language, and society, Homo sapiens have spread across the globe, becoming the dominant species on the planet.