Final answer:
The pelvis and skull are key skeletal structures for determining gender, with marked differences between males and females. Furthermore, gender is genetically determined by the presence of XY chromosomes in males and XX chromosomes in females.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pelvis and skull are good bones to use when trying to determine the gender of an individual. The characteristics of these bones differ significantly between males and females. For instance, the female pelvis is wider, shallower, and has a broader angle between the pubic bones to facilitate childbirth. In contrast, the male pelvis is adapted for supporting a heavier build and stronger muscles, resulting in a narrower and deeper shape. The skull also exhibits sexual dimorphism, but the differences are more subtle compared to the pelvis. Gender determination can also rely on genetic factors, with sex chromosomes playing a pivotal role. Males typically have one X and one Y chromosome (XY), while females have two X chromosomes (XX). Various chromosomal configurations can result in individuals with intersex traits, complicating the assessment of gender based solely on skeletal characteristics.