Final answer:
In obstetrics, gravidity describes the total number of pregnancies a woman has had, while parity refers to the number of pregnancies resulting in a live birth beyond 20 weeks. Based on the given information, the woman's gravidity is three, including the current pregnancy and her previous miscarriages, and her parity is zero, as none of the pregnancies resulted in live births beyond 20 weeks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms 'gravidity' and 'parity' are used in obstetrics to describe a woman's reproductive history during pregnancy. Gravidity refers to the total number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of the outcome, while parity refers to the number of pregnancies that resulted in a live birth beyond 20 weeks of gestation.
Based on the information given, the woman in question is currently 28 weeks pregnant and has had two previous miscarriages, one at 8 weeks and another at 12 weeks. Therefore, her gravidity would be three (including the current pregnancy and the two previous miscarriages), and her parity would be zero (since none of the pregnancies resulted in a live birth beyond 20 weeks).
It's important to note that gravidity and parity are just two factors considered in a woman's obstetric history. Other factors, such as the outcome of previous pregnancies, gestational age at the time of delivery, and any complications or medical interventions, also play a role in assessing a woman's overall reproductive health.