Final answer:
A 20-year-old female who is currently 8 weeks pregnant and had a previous miscarriage at 12 weeks would have a GTPAL of 2-0-0-1-0, indicating two pregnancies, zero term births, zero preterm births, one miscarriage, and zero living children.
Step-by-step explanation:
The GTPAL framework is used to provide a quick summary of a woman's obstetric history. This acronym stands for gravity, term births, preterm births, abortions, and living children. For the 20-year-old female who is currently 8 weeks pregnant and had a miscarriage at 12 weeks two years ago with no living children, her GTPAL would be: gravity (G) = 2 (current pregnancy plus the one that ended in a miscarriage). Term births (T) = 0 (has not had any term births). Preterm births (P) = 0 (has not had any preterm births). Abortions (A) = 1 (the miscarriage at 12 weeks counts as an abortion in medical terms). Living children (L) = 0 (no living children). Therefore, her GTPAL is 2-0-0-1-0. Her gravidity/parity, often noted as G2P1001, summarizes her obstetric history: she has been pregnant twice (gravidity 2), has had no term deliveries (parity), one abortion or miscarriage, and no living children.
The GTPAL system is a shorthand notation used to describe a woman's obstetric history. Each letter represents a different aspect of her pregnancy history. G: The number of pregnancies, including current pregnancies. In this case, the woman has one previous pregnancy (the miscarriage) and the current pregnancy, so G = 2. T: The number of full-term pregnancies (delivery at 37 weeks of gestation or later). Since the woman has no living children, T = 0. P: The number of preterm pregnancies (deliveries between 20 and 37 weeks gestation). Since the woman has no living children, P = 0. A: The number of pregnancies ended by abortion (either spontaneous or induced). Since the woman had a miscarriage at 12 weeks gestation, A = 1. L: The number of living children. Since the woman has no living children, L = 0. Therefore, her GTPAL would be G2 T0 P0 A1 L0. Gravity refers to the total number of pregnancies the woman has had, including the current pregnancy. In this case, her gravidity would be 2. Parity refers to the number of pregnancies carried to a viable gestational age (20 weeks or more), regardless of the outcome. Since the woman has not had any pregnancies carried to term, her parity would be 0.