Question

Assume that the rate of filtrate formation was the same for each student. The student who drank soda produced urine with the lowest level of sodium chloride because:

A. the level of ADH in his blood was low, so water passed from the nephron to the blood.
B. the level of ADH in his blood was high, so water remained in the nephron, rather than pass into the blood.
C. the level of ADH in his blood was low, so water remained in the nephron, rather than pass into the blood.
D. the level of ADH in his blood was high, so water passed from the nephron to the blood.

Answer 1

The student who drank soda had the lowest level of sodium chloride in their urine because high levels of ADH led to more water reabsorption, concentrating the urine.

Step-by-step explanation:

The student who drank soda produced urine with the lowest level of sodium chloride due to the body's response to the intake of fluids and subsequent hormonal regulation. Specifically, this involves the hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone), which is released by the pituitary gland and regulates how much water is reabsorbed in the kidneys' collecting ducts.

Given the options provided, the correct answer is: B. the level of ADH in his blood was high, so water remained in the nephron, rather than pass into the blood. When ADH levels are high, more water is reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream, leading to the concentration of solutes such as sodium chloride in the urine. Conversely, when ADH levels are low, less water is reabsorbed which would lead to a larger volume of more dilute urine.