Final answer:
Fish tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium marinum, an NTM found in soil and water and known for causing chronic disease in fish. The bacterium can also cause localized skin infections in humans, and proper hygiene is crucial to prevent transmission.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fish Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)
The causative agent of fish tuberculosis is Mycobacterium marinum, a type of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). This bacterium is known to cause a chronic disease in fish, which can be similar to tuberculosis in humans. Affected fish often display symptoms such as lethargy, emaciation, and sometimes exhibit skin lesions or ulcers.
NTMs are a group of mycobacteria that are typically found in soil and water, including natural and chlorinated water sources. They can cause infections in various animal species, including humans. Due to their resistance to disinfectants and capacity to form biofilms, these bacteria present challenges in both clinical and environmental contexts.
It is essential for individuals handling fish or aquaria to maintain proper hygiene and take precautions, as M. marinum infections can sometimes be transmitted to humans, particularly through cuts or abrasions on the skin. In humans, the disease typically manifests as a localized skin infection, which can be treated with antibiotics.