Final answer:
Homo ergaster and Homo erectus are two similar species of the genus Homo. They differ geographically, with Homo ergaster associated with Africa and Homo erectus associated with Asia. They also exhibit minimal anatomical differences, but Homo ergaster shows less sexual dimorphism in body size.
Step-by-step explanation:
Homo ergaster and Homo erectus are two similar species of the genus Homo. While there is ongoing debate about whether they are separate species or not, the main difference between them is their geographical association. Homo ergaster is associated with Africa, while Homo erectus is associated with Asia. Some researchers argue that H. ergaster and even H. habilis should be classified as H. erectus. They also exhibit minimal anatomical differences.
Another key difference between H. ergaster and earlier hominins is that H. ergaster exhibits substantially less sexual dimorphism in body size. Male H. ergaster individuals were only 20 percent larger than females, similar to modern humans. This suggests a potential shift towards a monogamous mating system and substantial parental investment in offspring.
Other similarities between H. ergaster and modern humans include their cranial capacity, teeth, and postcranial features.