Final answer:
The claim that Taylor believed in guilt while Freud attributed religious feelings to fear is false. Freud's theories suggest that religion helps manage internal conflict and suppresses anti-social instincts, not that religion is solely inspired by fear.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that Sigmund Freud argued that it was fear that inspired religious feelings, whereas Taylor believed that guilt was likely the basis for religion is false. Freud's view on religion was more complex and centered on the psychological needs and defense mechanisms. Freud's theories of religion propose that religious beliefs act as a way to suppress anti-social instincts, such as those highlighted by the Oedipal complex, and manage the inner conflict caused by the struggle between our innate desires (the Id) and the societal pressures (the Superego).
In one of his most well-known works, Totem and Taboo, Freud suggests that totemic religions serve to regulate interactions with socially significant and potentially disruptive objects and relationships. He believed that unresolved conflicts between the Id and the Superego can cause anxiety, which, in turn, is mitigated by various ego defense mechanisms, one of which can be religious beliefs.