Final answer:
Hans Rosling observed that his students believed in the outdated notion of a divide between developed and undeveloped countries based on longevity and fertility rates, which is true. Increased education for women and enhanced health measures in developed nations have successfully reduced population growth, debunking the old perspective.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Hans Rosling, his students thought the world in 2006 was still divided into developed countries (long lives and few children) and undeveloped countries (short lives and many children); this is True. However, this view has been challenged and deemed a myth. The misconception that undeveloped nations continue to follow old patterns of having many children and shorter lifespans has been contested by the fact that education for women and social safety nets in developed countries have successfully curtailed population growth. The Gates Foundation's #Stop The Myth campaign and Melinda Gates's video illustrate how in countries like Afghanistan, high childhood mortality rates are accompanied by an expected population surge, whereas Thailand has seen a decrease in both childhood mortality and birth rates. During the 20th century, as part of the demographic transition, developed countries experienced a decline in death rates due to improved health and nutrition, and later a decline in birth rates as a result of urbanization, education for women, and a shift in economic structure away from agriculture.