Final answer:
The term for the large disparity in wealth between rich and poor nations, as well as between individuals within a nation, is known as inequality. This includes both economic gaps and social stratification, influenced by levels of industrialization and discrimination.
Step-by-step explanation:
A big gap between rich and poor nations and a big gap between rich and poor within nations is known as inequality. This concept of inequality highlights the unequal distribution of resources both on an international scale (between different countries) and on a national scale (within a single country's population). Various factors contribute to this inequality, including the level of industrialization, the economic structure of countries, and social factors such as discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender, religion, and sexual orientation.
Historically, the Industrial Revolution contributed to the disparity as it advanced wealth and production in industrialized nations, widening economic chasms with those countries that did not industrialize. Contemporary discussions acknowledge the division as a global phenomenon, often citing the differences between the 'Global North' and 'Global South.' The difference between the two is not purely geographical but reflects the economic realities of global wealth distribution.
Stratification, both global and within countries like the United States, refers to these gaps in resources, which are evidenced in income distribution patterns and poverty rates. Researchers and policymakers use instruments such as Lorenz curves to understand the degree of income inequality and to consider the societal implications of a world where the burden of poverty is increasingly concentrated among certain populations.