Final answer:
Marx criticized capitalism for its exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie who accumulated disproportionate wealth and political influence, foreseeing a socialist revolution as an eventual outcome.
Step-by-step explanation:
Karl Marx, a notable philosopher and economist, critically analyzed the capitalist system of his time. He argued that capitalism was inherently unfair because the bourgeoisie, or capitalist class, who owned the means of production, exploited the proletariat by paying them wages much less than the value of their labor. This exploitation allowed the bourgeoisie to accumulate wealth and wield significant political influence, further entrenching social class disparities. Marx envisioned that such exploitation would ultimately lead to a workers' revolution, overthrowing the bourgeoisie and establishing a socialist system in which the public, instead of private entities, owned the means of production, distributing resources and power more equitably.