Final answer:
Small-scale gardening, or extensive horticulture, involves more manual labor and traditional practices, while large-scale farming, or intensive agriculture, employs advanced tools and methods to achieve higher yields.
Step-by-step explanation:
Small-scale gardening is extensive horticulture while large-scale farming is intensive agriculture. Extensive horticulture typically involves clearing land, slash-and-burn techniques, and may rely on garden magic and ritual to bless the crops. In contrast, intensive agriculture involves the use of plows and irrigation systems, repeated cultivation of the same land, and produces higher yields which support a larger population and allow for specialization in society. Smallholder farms, often using extensive horticulture, are an important part of global agricultural output, especially in developing nations. They are crucial for food security, ecosystem goods, and are vulnerable to climate change. On the other hand, large-scale farms involved in intensive agriculture can have greater impacts on deforestation and carbon sequestration but are essential for feeding the growing global population.