Final answer:
Philanthropy, often involving altruism, is the act of generously donating to causes to promote human welfare, not a study of human diversity; that is the field of anthropology. Anthropology deals with understanding human behavior, societal patterns, and resolving global challenges, benefiting from our species' adaptability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that philanthropy is the study of human diversity in all places, all times, and all ways is false. While related to human welfare, philanthropy itself is not a study but rather the act of promoting welfare through generous donations to good causes. The correct discipline concerned with the study of humans and cultural diversity is anthropology.
Anthropology encompasses a broad range of aspects including the study of cultural diversity, societal structures, and human evolution. As a field, it is committed to understanding human behavior and solving practical global issues such as climate change, gender inequality, and global health crises. Anthropologists often draw on the legacy of past human achievements and practices to address contemporary challenges, highlighting our species' capacity for adaptation and change.
Altruism plays a role within philanthropy and can be reflected in educational settings, where educators and tutors provide guidance and support out of a desire to promote student success, embodying the principles of open philanthropy mentioned by Thomas Jefferson.