Final answer:
The showoff hypothesis is an example of sexual selection where males develop impressive traits that females choose as indicators of genetic superiority. The handicap principle relates to this by suggesting these traits are costly, and thus only the fittest males can afford them, making them attractive to females.
Step-by-step explanation:
The showoff hypothesis is a concept within sexual selection where certain males develop impressive traits or ornaments, such as bright plumage or large horns, to show off attributes like efficient metabolism or the ability to fight disease. Females select males with these traits because they signal genetic superiority, and it is assumed that these superior genes will be passed on to offspring. This is often seen as a trade-off because, while being choosy can lead to fewer offspring, the benefits of higher fitness in the offspring can outweigh the reduced number. The phenomenon is an example of sexual selection because it involves female choice based on the male's displayed characteristics.
One well-known concept related to the showoff hypothesis is the handicap principle, which suggests that some traits are costly to maintain and may even be detrimental to survival. For instance, a peacock's large tail is beautiful but makes the male more visible to predators and may hinder quick escape. Despite these drawbacks, the tail serves as an honest signal of the male's overall fitness, as only the strongest can afford to survive with such a handicap. Thus, the greater the handicap, the more it demonstrates the male's fitness, making him more attractive to the female.