Final answer:
Industrialism is the subsistence strategy where machines and technological advances lead to mass production, surpassing the efforts of human or animal muscle power.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subsistence strategy in which more work is accomplished by machines than by human or animal muscle power is referred to as industrialism. In the context of human history, this strategy marked a significant departure from previous modes such as gathering-hunting, pastoralism, and agriculture, where human labor was the primary source of productivity. Industrialism and its subsequent phase, post-industrialism, are characteristic of societies where machines and technological advances greatly increase the production of goods and services.
As industrialism took root, first significantly in Britain during the 1700s, it heralded the transition from family-based production within households to factory-based production where wage labor predominates. Here, individuals perform specialized tasks in exchange for wages, and the control over work cycles and goods produced shifts from the individual to the factory owners and corporations. This led to mass production and the rise of global capitalist markets.
Industrialism is not just a technical evolution but also one that profoundly affects social structures, economic relations, and cultural values. The shift towards an industrial economy has indeed redefined not just how goods are produced but also the organization of societies, trading methods, and exchanges at various levels.