Final answer:
Shock after major trauma is most often due to hypovolemic shock from hemorrhage, treated with intravenous fluids and medications to restore blood volume and pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Shock following major trauma is most often the result of hypovolemic shock, which in adults is typically caused by hemorrhage. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a significant decrease in blood volume leading to an extreme drop in blood pressure and inadequate blood flow to the tissues. Patients with this condition often present with symptoms such as a rapid heart rate, weak pulse, cool and clammy skin, and rapid, shallow breathing. Treatments focus on restoring the patient's blood volume, typically through the administration of intravenous fluids, and may include medications like dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine to raise blood pressure.
Shock following major trauma is most often the result of several recognized forms of shock, including hypovolemic shock, obstructive shock, and neurogenic shock. Hypovolemic shock is typically caused by hemorrhage or fluid losses related to severe vomiting or diarrhea, while obstructive shock occurs when a significant portion of the vascular system is blocked. Neurogenic shock, on the other hand, occurs with cranial or spinal injuries that damage the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.