Final answer:
The primary focus for researchers when choosing or designing an instrument, such as a questionnaire, is its usability, reliability, and its ability to collect accurate data with ease. It is essential these tools consistently produce the same results while also accurately measuring the intended variables.
Step-by-step explanation:
When conducting research, the selection and design of an instrument—such as a questionnaire—is critical. This tool must be user-friendly to ensure the effective and efficient collection of data. An essential aspect of this process involves considering reliability and validity to ensure the instrument consistently produces accurate results. Closed questions such as yes-or-no or multiple-choice options facilitate quantitative data collection. By asking questions that can be quickly answered and tallied, researchers can collect data that is easy to analyze statistically, thus representing a key consideration in research methodology.
To select the appropriate research instrument, considerations include its ease of use, reliability in producing consistent results over time (‘test-retest reliability’), and the degree to which an instrument measures what it intends to measure (‘construct validity’). In fields where data presentation and interpretation are crucial, as is often the case in the sciences, knowing how to present data—whether in a table, graph, or equation—is equally important.