Final answer:
Functionalism and conflict theory are two sociological theories for religion. Functionalism views religion as a social institution that promotes social integration, while conflict theory sees religion as a tool for maintaining social inequality.
Step-by-step explanation:
There are two sociological theories for religion: functionalism and conflict theory.
Functionalism, also known as structural functionalism, views religion as a social institution that serves to meet the needs of society. According to this theory, religion helps maintain social stability and cohesion by providing shared beliefs, values, and rituals. It emphasizes the positive functions of religion in promoting social integration and order.
Conflict theory, on the other hand, sees religion as a tool used by dominant groups to maintain social inequality. According to this perspective, religion often supports and justifies the existing power structures and inequalities in society. It focuses on the role of religion in reinforcing social divisions and conflicts.