Final answer:
Structural functionalism is the theory that analyzes how cultural elements contribute to the well-being of individuals by meeting a range of human needs. This theory views culture as essential for the functioning and stability of society, considering cultural norms and values as vital in guiding individual behavior and supporting societal cohesion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory you are referring to is known as structural functionalism, which analyzes how various aspects of culture fit together and contribute to the well-being of individuals within society. Bronislaw Malinowski, a key proponent of this theory, believed that culture serves the purpose of fulfilling human needs which range from the most basic, such as food and shelter, to more complex ones like social order and existential purpose.
Structural functionalism considers cultural systems and acknowledges that elements such as family structures, religious beliefs, educational institutions, and laws function to support the continuous operation of society and guide individuals in making life choices. This perspective provides a lens through which we can understand contemporary culture and its role in addressing both social and personal needs.
Understanding culture from this functionalist viewpoint enables insight into how cultural norms and values not only reflect society's collective priorities but also contribute to individual and communal well-being. This creates a cohesive system where each part of the culture has a specific role in maintaining the stability and functionality of the whole society.