Final answer:
Jane Goodall is the renowned anthropologist who worked with chimpanzees in Tanzania, observing their tool-making and use, contributing to our understanding of primate behavior and its implications for human evolution. Other researchers, like J.D. Pruetz and Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, have also provided valuable insights into primate tool use and communication abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anthropologist who worked in Tanzania and compared chimpanzees to humans is most famously Jane Goodall. Her work was groundbreaking in understanding primates and their behaviour. In Gombe National Park, Tanzania, Goodall observed chimpanzees using twigs stripped of leaves as tools to fish for termites, demonstrating their ability to create and use tools. Such observations are crucial for understanding the cognitive abilities of chimpanzees and their relation to humans, indicating a connection between the tool-using behaviours of non-human primates and the evolutionary history of human technology and culture.
Other significant work in the field includes the research by primatologist J.D. Pruetz, who recorded chimpanzees in Fongoli, Senegal, using sticks as spears for hunting, a behaviour quite different from their Gombe counterparts who hunt red colobus monkeys by hand. In addition, anthropologists like Sue Savage-Rumbaugh have studied the linguistic capabilities of bonobos, giving us further insight into the evolution of human language and communication.
These studies collectively emphasize that habitat preservation is critical for the survival of these primates, who are our closest living relatives in the animal kingdom and provide us with clues to our own past through their behaviours and use of technology.