Final answer:
The question does not specify a single largest anthropological data bank, but significant collections include the Smithsonian Institution's archival resources, the HYDE 3.1 database, the Wellcome Osteological Research Database, and the World Bank's World Data Bank, each of which are critical to anthropological research.
Step-by-step explanation:
The largest anthropological data bank is not explicitly named in the information provided. However, the Smithsonian Institution holds a vast collection, including approximately 2,000 life masks created by students of Franz Boas, documenting physical diversity and ethnic groups, some of which are now extinct. These collections are crucial for the understanding of environment, culture, and biological adaptations. In addition, other considerable databases include the HYDE 3.1 database of human-induced global land-use change and the Wellcome Osteological Research Database. The World Bank Group also offers the World Data Bank, which provides a wealth of data including the World Development Indicators. These databases serve as inestimable resources for current and future anthropological research.