Final answer:
The Counter Reformation lasted from 1545, beginning with the Council of Trent, until the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War in 1648.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Counter Reformation, also known as the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, spanned from the opening of the Council of Trent in 1545 to the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648. This was a direct response to the Protestant Reformation and involved several components: ecclesiastical or structural reformations, the creation of new religious orders such as the Jesuits, spiritual movements, and political actions aimed at reforming the Catholic Church.
During this period, the church sought to address criticisms brought by Protestant reformers like Martin Luther, and it made several internal changes, emphasized the importance of both Scripture and tradition, and affirmed key doctrines such as transubstantiation. The Counter Reformation movement also had a significant impact on the arts, endorsing the creation of religious content to glorify Catholic traditions and God.