Final answer:
Functionalism in anthropology is divided into two schools of thought associated with Bronislaw Malinowski and A.R. Radcliffe Brown. Malinowski studied the purpose of cultural characteristics in egalitarian societies, while Radcliffe Brown focused on how structures reinforce each other in stratified societies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functionalism is a theory in sociology and anthropology that examines how society functions and maintains order. In anthropology, there are two schools of thought within functionalism: one associated with Bronislaw Malinowski and the other with A.R. Radcliffe Brown. Malinowski focused on the purpose that cultural characteristics serve in maintaining equality in egalitarian societies, while Radcliffe Brown emphasized how various structures in society reinforce each other in stratified societies.