Final answer:
Caspase 3/7 have four main functions: initiation of apoptosis, execution of apoptosis, amplification of the apoptotic signal, and regulation of inflammation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Caspase 3/7 are proteolytic enzymes that play a crucial role in the process of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. The four main functions of caspase 3/7 include:
- Initiation of the apoptosis pathway: Caspase 3/7 are activated in response to specific cellular signals, such as DNA damage or the release of cytochrome C. Once activated, they cleave and activate other downstream caspases, initiating a cascade of events that lead to cell death.
- Execution of apoptosis: Caspase 3/7 directly cleave and activate various cellular proteins, resulting in the dismantling of the cell. This includes the degradation of structural proteins, DNA fragmentation, and inactivation of anti-apoptotic proteins.
- Amplification of the apoptotic signal: Caspase 3/7 can cleave and activate other caspases, amplifying the apoptotic signal and ensuring the efficient and coordinated execution of apoptosis.
- Regulation of inflammation: In addition to their role in apoptosis, caspase 3/7 also participate in the regulation of inflammatory response through the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.