Natural gas is primarily delivered to consumers through an extensive pipeline network, which includes residential, commercial, and industrial users, as well as electricity generation plants. It can also be liquefied for transport as LNG. The delivery system's evolution has enhanced natural gas's role in the energy mix.
Natural gas is delivered directly to residential end-users, commercial establishments, industries, and electricity generation plants. After extraction, natural gas, predominantly composed of methane, may contain liquid hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon gases. This "wet" gas is processed to remove by-products like butane and propane, making it "dry" for safe pipeline transportation.
The extensive pipeline infrastructure, such as the one managed by Kinder Morgan, is crucial for efficient delivery from wellheads to end users. Since natural gas cannot be stored as easily as coal or oil due to its low density, the development and expansion of pipeline networks have been fundamental in ensuring its widespread use.
Alternatively, natural gas can be converted into Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) by cooling to -160°C for storage and transportation in cryogenic vessels. This process dramatically reduces its volume, making LNG economical for long-distance transport, especially where pipelines are not feasible.
In the U.S., natural gas accounts for a significant portion of energy consumption, offering versatility in its applications. It is not only used for residential heating and cooking but also for electricity production and various industrial processes. The availability and delivery logistics of natural gas have evolved over time with infrastructural developments, allowing more efficient access to this energy resource.