Final answer:
Individuals with red-green color deficiency will see all the colors along the Rayleigh line as the same due to the lack of normal function in their red or green cone cells. This is a common form of color vision deficiency, affecting a significant percentage of males from different ethnic backgrounds. The trichromatic theory of color vision explains how normal-sighted individuals perceive a full spectrum of colors by combining signals from three different types of cones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals with red-green color deficiency will see all the colors along the Rayleigh line as the same. This is because they lack the normal function of the red or green cone cells in their eyes, which affects their ability to distinguish between these colors.
Red-green color deficiency is the most common form of color vision deficiency in humans. Approximately 8% of males with European Caucasian descent, 5% of Asian males, 4% of African males, and less than 2% of indigenous American males, Australian males, and Polynesian males have this condition.
The trichromatic theory of color vision explains that normal-sighted individuals have three different types of cones, each receptive to a slightly different wavelength of light, that mediate color vision. By combining the signals from these cones, we are able to perceive the full spectrum of colors.