Final answer:
The most damaged industry in California during the 1970s was aerospace, due to reduced federal spending. Types of unemployment include cyclical (affected by economic downturns), structural (caused by industry changes), and frictional (due to personal choice or transition). Progressives did not focus on land reform.
Step-by-step explanation:
The California industry most damaged by spending cutbacks in the 1970s was the aerospace industry. Following the conclusion of the Vietnam War and the end of the Apollo space program, there was a significant reduction in federal defense spending and NASA's budget. This reduction led to layoffs and a downturn in the aerospace sector, which had been heavily reliant on government contracts.
Regarding the types of unemployment:
- Cyclical unemployment is represented by landscapers laid off during a recession and the massive hit to the automotive and construction industries after the market crash.
- Structural unemployment accounts for coal miners laid off due to EPA regulations, printers out of work because of the digital shift, and factory workers whose jobs moved overseas.
- Frictional unemployment is shown by the financial analyst who voluntarily quits to seek a job in a different location.
Key areas not focused on by the Progressives were land reform and the construction and auto industries, which saw growth due to government investment, highlighting key sectors that bolstered the U.S. economy, like steel and oil refineries.