Final answer:
The reference material does not explicitly mention the first woman anthropologist hired by the Bureau of American Ethnology in 1888. Notable female anthropologists include Margaret Mead and Dr. Beatrice Medicine, both of whom made significant contributions to the field and overcame gender barriers. Margaret Floy Washburn was also a trailblazer as the first woman to earn a doctorate in psychology in 1894.
Step-by-step explanation:
The woman anthropologist who was hired by the Bureau of American Ethnology in 1888, marking her as the first woman in the U.S. to hold a full-time position in science, was not specifically mentioned in the provided reference material. However, it is important to highlight significant female anthropologists and their contributions. Margaret Mead was a pioneering anthropologist honored on a U.S. postage stamp for her contributions to the field. Dr. Beatrice Medicine was another notable female anthropologist, known for her work in Indigenous languages and cultures, applied anthropology, gender studies, and Native history, who overcame challenges in a field dominated by paternalistic White men to make significant contributions to the understanding and healing of the effects of colonial histories.
Women also made substantial contributions to psychology. Margaret Floy Washburn became the first woman to earn a doctorate degree in psychology in 1894, and Mary Whiton Calkins completed all requirements for a PhD in the same field, only to be denied the degree by Harvard University due to her gender. These women were trailblazers who left lasting impacts in their respective disciplines.