Final answer:
Pastoralists practice both nomadism, which is unpredictable and resource-based, and transhumance, which involves seasonal movements, making the statement true.
Step-by-step explanation:
Pastoralists indeed practice both nomadism and transhumance, so the answer to the statement is A.True. Nomadic pastoralism involves herders moving unpredictably in search of fresh resources while transhumance involves seasonal, patterned movements between two different locations, often with permanent camps where young children and the elderly stay year-round. Both forms of pastoralism require the frequent movement of herds to new grazing lands and are deeply influenced by various factors, such as climate change and political conflicts, which sometimes exacerbate tensions and conflicts with agricultural societies.