Final answer:
Ethical challenges in anthropology arise when anthropologists work for organizations that have conflicting interests with the communities studied, leading to issues of representation, ethics, and potential exploitation. Modern anthropology emphasizes collaborative ethnography and public anthropology to advocate for the subjects' perspectives and contribute positively to public policy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ethical problems often arise when anthropologists work for government agencies, corporations, or other entities that may have interests that conflict with those of the subject communities. Working in such contexts can lead to dilemmas around representation, ethics, and the potential for exploitation of the subjects. Historically, anthropologists have supplemented their income through practices now considered unethical, such as acquiring cultural objects from communities at low prices and selling them at higher rates. This reflects a broader critique of anthropology's role in colonization and the devaluation of Indigenous perspectives. Today, many anthropologists strive to engage in long-term research, incorporating collaborative ethnography and public anthropology to ensure research benefits the subjects and accurately reflects their viewpoint, especially on matters of public policy.