Final answer:
The achievement and attainment of professional degrees by women has had a significant impact on breaking down occupational segregation. Women's increased representation in high-paying, high-skill jobs has been facilitated by their higher educational attainment. However, barriers to equitable participation still exist, and addressing them is crucial for economic growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The impact of women's achievement and attainment of professional degrees on occupational segregation has been significant. As women have entered the workforce in larger numbers and obtained higher degrees at a higher rate than men, they have been better positioned to obtain high-paying, high-skill jobs. This has helped to break down occupational segregation by increasing the representation of women in traditionally male-dominated industries and professions.
For example, in the science and technology fields, which were historically unwelcoming to women, the achievements of women like Mexican-American scientist Lydia Villa-Komaroff have had a transformative impact. Villa-Komaroff's development of synthetic insulin launched the entire biotechnology industry and saved countless lives. However, despite these successes, barriers to equitable participation still exist and continue to affect the larger economy.
Studies have shown that when certain populations, including women, are underrepresented or mistreated in the labor market, it negatively impacts economic growth. Economist Lisa D. Cook estimates that the GDP could be 4.4% higher if women and people from minority populations were fully able to participate in the science and technology innovation process. Addressing these barriers and promoting greater equity in the labor market is essential for maximizing economic potential.