Final answer:
John Rawls proposes two principles of justice: the liberty principle and the difference principle. The liberty principle ensures equal basic liberties for all individuals, while the difference principle focuses on benefiting the least advantaged members of society through social and economic inequalities. Rawls's theory aligns with egalitarianism, emphasizing equality and the rights of all individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
In his theory of justice, John Rawls proposes two principles that should govern society. The liberty principle states that every person should have an equal right to basic liberties, such as freedom of speech and assembly. The difference principle states that social and economic inequalities should only exist if they benefit the least advantaged members of society and are attached to positions that are open to everyone under fair equality of opportunity.
Rawls argues for this approach because it aims to address inherent structural inequalities. By focusing on improving the position of the least well-off, Rawls aims to create a more just society that values equal status and moral worth for all individuals.
This theory of justice aligns with the concept of egalitarianism, which emphasizes equality and the belief that all individuals deserve rights and equal treatment.